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Open Innovation in Activating Strategic Management in the Public Sector: Evaluation of the Conditions of Implementation in the Turkish Public Sector

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 31 - 53, 26.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.660265

Abstract

In the public sector, the concept of innovation is becoming more
and more research area in terms of balancing the priorities of governments,
ensuring resource efficiency, meeting public expectations, finding solutions to
problems, improving service delivery and processes. Innovation offers important
opportunities to create new common values in identifying and implementing the strategies
required to manage these expectations and challenges. In order to benefit from
these opportunities, public institutions should combine with civil society,
business environment; academic units and government sectors to manage changes
beyond any other organization can do on its own. Innovation success is
characterized by how well the innovation ecosystems brought together by a large
number of participants and stakeholders create new products and services that
are quickly recognized. Open Innovation 2.0 is a new paradigm that encompasses
integrated co-operation, co-created values, and exponential principles through
effective innovation ecosystems, adaptation to new technologies, and
extraordinary rapid adaptation.



In this study, it will be tried to evaluate the conditions for
benefiting from Open Innovation 2.0 in order to enable the strategic management
in the public sector, to convert the decisions taken into action, to reach the
targets and to respond to the needs of all the parties in which the public
interacts. In this context, understanding the factors that direct the need for
innovation in the public sector, the structure of Open Innovation 2.0, its
applications and examples will be discussed. However, in terms of Open
Innovation 2.0, the characteristics of Turkish Public Sector will be evaluated,
samples will be examined and the conditions of implementation will be
evaluated.

References

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  • Bloch, C., Jorgensen, L.L., Norn, M.T. and Vad, T. B. (2009). Public Sector Innovation Index–A Diagnostic Tool for measuring innovative performance and capability in public sector organisations (Exploratory project commissioned by NESTA). http://www.nesta.org.uk/ sites/default/files/kcfinder/files/Public%20Sector%20Innovation%20Diagnostic%20Tool. pdf (15 Ekim 2018)
  • UN – United Nations (2006), Innovations in Governance and Public Administration: Replicating What Works.
  • Bonecki, M. (2016), ”Open innovation model within public research and innovation programmes”, Public Philosophy & Democratic Education Volume 5 • 2016 • Issue 2 • pp. 171-188 • DOI: 10.14746/fped.2016.5.2.29
  • Borins, S. (2001), The Challenge of Innovating in Government, The PricewaterhouseCoopers Endowment for The Business of Government, February 2001. website: www.businessofgovernment.org
  • Borins, S. (2002), “Leadership and innovation in the public sector”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(8), 467-476.
  • Bughin, J., Chui, M. and Johnson, B. (2008), “The Next Step in Open Innovation”, The McKinsey Quarterly, June 2008.
  • Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open Innovation: The New imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press. Boston.
  • Chesbrough, H. W., Vanhaverbeke, W. and West, J. (2008), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press.
  • Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D. (1990), “Absorptive Capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-152.
  • Curley, M. and Salmelin, B. (2013). Open Innovation 2.0: A New Paradigm. White Paper. The Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group, 1-12..
  • De Vries, H., Bekkers, V. and Tummers, L. (2016), “Innovation in the public sector: A systematic review and future research agenda”. Public Administration, 94(1), 146-166.
  • Dobni, C.B., (2010), “Achieving Synergy Between Strategy and Innovation: The Key to Value Creation”, International Journal of Business Science And Applied Management, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp.49-58.
  • Dyer, J.H. and Singh H. (1998), “The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
  • Ecevit Z. and İşçi Ö. (2007), “Kurumsal Karne Gelişiminde Stratejik Yönetimi Etkinleştirme”, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Öneri Dergisi, C:7, S:28, Haziran, s. 121-134, ISSN: 1300-0845.
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  • Ernest&Young, (2017), Public Sector Innovation: From Ideas to Actions, https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-innovation-public-sector-en/$FILE/EY-innovation-public-sector-en.pdf (1 Ekim 2018)
  • Etzkowitz, H. (2008), The Triple Helix. University–Industry–Government.Innovation in Action. New York–London: Routledge.
  • Freeman, C. (1988), “Japan: A new national innovation system?”, In: G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R.R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, L. Soete (Eds.), Technology and Economy Theory (pp. 331-348). London: Pinter.
  • Gökçe, S. G. (2015), “Kamuda İnovasyon ve Türkiye’deki Uygulamaları”. Uluslararası Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 28-37. http://www.uysad.com/FileUpload/bs570063/File/ sinem_gokce.pdf. (15 Mayıs 2018).
  • Gudowsky, N. and Peissl, W. (2016), “Human centred science and technology - transdisciplinary foresight and co-creation as tools for active needs-based innovation governance”. European Journal of Futures Research, 4(1), 1-10.
  • Hughes, A., Moore, K. and Nimesh, K. (2011), Innovation in Public Sector Organisations. A pilot survey for measuring innovation across the public sector. NESTA: London. İSTKA (2012), Kamu Kurumlarında İnovasyon, İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı’nın “Bilgi Odaklı Ekonomik Kalkınma Mali Destek Programı” kapsamında İSTKA/2012/BIL/190 Sözleşme Numaralı “Mükemmeliyet Merkezi Projesi”ne sağlanan destek ile hazırlanmıştır. https://www.istka.org.tr/media/20864/kamu-kurumlar%C4%B1nda-%C4%B0novasyon.pdf (25 Ekim 2018).
  • Kamarck, E. C. (2004), Government Innovation Around the World, Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, November 2004.
  • Kaymakçalan, Ö. (2009), “Kamuda İnovasyon Önündeki Engel ‘katı, hiyerarşik yapı”, Bilgiçağı Dergisi, Yıl:5, Sayı: 59, ss: 42-43.
  • Kelley, T. and J. Littman (2007), 10 İnovasyon Emri, Çev. Can Sungur, Mediacat Kitapları, İstanbul, 49–69.
  • Kumar, N. R. and Rose, C. (2012), “The Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Islamic Work Ethic on Innovation Capability”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19, 2, 142–65.
  • Lundvall, B.Å. (1985), The Learning Economy and the Economicsof Hope. London-New York: Anthem Press.
  • Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı (2009). Kamuda Yenilik Araştırma Raporu 22, İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı, 2009: 12.( http://sbm.org.tr) (15 Mayıs 2018).
  • McLoughlin, 1., Wilson, R., Cornford, J., Vaughan, R. and Martin, M. (2004), "Enacting Technology: from 'Building' the Virtual State to 'Architecting' Infrastructures for the Integration of Public Service Delivery?", Paper prepared for workshop on Information, Knowledge and Management - Re-Assessing the role of ICTs in public and private organisations - 3-5 March, SSPA Bologna, Italy.
  • Mortara, L., Napp, J. J., Slacik, I. and Minshall, T. (2009), How to implement open innovation: Lessons from studying large multinational companies. Centre for Technology Management, Institute for Manufacturing. University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing, UK. [e-document]. (May 14, 2018). ,,
  • Mulgan, G. and Albury, D. (2003), Innovation in the Public Sector. London: Strategy Unit.
  • Nählinder, J. (2010), “Where are all the Female Innovators? Nurses as Innovators in a Public Sector Innovation Project”, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 5, 1, 13–29.
  • Nelson, R.R. and S.G. Winter, 1982, The evolutionary theory of economic change, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • Normann, R. and Ramirez, R. (1993), “From Value Chain to Value Constellation: Designing Interactive Strategy”. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 65-77.
  • OECD (2008), Open Innovation in Global Networks. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Publishing.
  • Pärna,O. and Tunzelmann., N. Von (2007), “Innovation in the Public Sector: Key Features Influencing theDevelopment and Implementation of Technologically Innovative Public Sector Services in theUK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia”, Information Polity, 12, 3, 109–25.
  • Penrose, E. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (New York, Oxford University Press Inc).
  • Poot, T.,Faems, D. and Vanhaverbeke, W. (2009), “Toward a Dynamic Perspective on Open Innovation: A Longitudinal Assessment of the Adoption of Internal and External Innovation Strategies in the Netherlands”. International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 1–24.
  • Potts, J. and Kastelle, T. (2010), “Public sector innovation research: What’s next?”. Innovation, 12(2), pp.122-137.
  • Salmelin, B. (2013), The Horizon 2020 framework and Open Innovation Ecosystems. Journal of Innovation Management, 1(2), 4-9.
  • Saran, U. (2004), Kamu Yönetiminde Yeniden Yapılanma, Atlas Yayını, Ankara.
  • Technopolis Group, (2009), Kamuda İnovasyon Projesi (KamIn) Projesi, Maliye Bakanlığı.
  • Technopolis (2015), Kamuda İnovasyon Yönetim Sistemi ve Tekniklerinin Geliştirilmesi (KAMİN) Projesi. http://www.sgb.gov.tr/.(05 Mayıs 2018).
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Kamu Sektöründe Stratejik Yönetimi Etkinleştirmede Açık İnovasyon 2.0: Türk Kamu Sektöründe Uygulanma Koşullarını Değerlendirme

Year 2019, Volume: 5 Issue: 10, 31 - 53, 26.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.660265

Abstract

Kamu sektöründe inovasyon olgusu, hükümetlerin önceliklerini dengeleme, kaynak etkinliğini sağlama, kamu beklentilerini karşılama, sorunlara çözüm üretme, hizmet sunumunu ve süreçleri iyileştirme yönleriyle giderek daha fazla inceleme alanı oluşturmaktadır. Bugün inovasyon bireyler, kurumlar, sektörler ve ülkeler için potansiyel çözüm üreten bir yaklaşım ve anlayış olarak görülmektedir. Kamu sektörünün sorumluluk alanları içinde yer alan sağlık, ulaşım, iklim değişikliği, işsizlik, finansal istikrar, refah, sürdürülebilirlik ve büyüme gibi alanlarda küresel olarak daha iyi çözümler üretmesi beklenmektedir. İnovasyon bu beklenti ve zorlukları yönetmede gerekli stratejilerin belirlenmesi ve hayata geçirilmesinde yeni ortak değerler yaratmada önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Kamu kurumlarının inovasyonun potansiyel etkilerinden yararlanmak için sivil toplum kuruluşları, iş çevresi, akademik birimler ve hükümet sektörleriyle birleşerek kendi başına yapabileceklerinin çok ötesindeki değişiklikleri yönetmesi gerekmektedir. İnovasyon başarısı çok sayıda katılımcının ve paydaşların bir araya getirdiği inovasyon eko sistemlerinin hızla kabul edilen yeni ürünler ve hizmetleri ne kadar iyi yarattıkları ile karakterize edilmektedir. Açık İnovasyon 2.0, bütünleşmiş işbirliği, ortak yaratılmış değerler, etkili inovasyon ekosistemleri ile ortaya çıkarılan üstel ilkelere dayanan, yeni teknolojilere uyumu ve olağanüstü hızlı adaptasyonu öngören yeni bir paradigmadır.
Bu çalışmada kamu sektöründe stratejik yönetimi etkin kılmak, alınan kararları eyleme dönüştürmek, hedeflere ulaşmak ve kamunun etkileşimde bulunduğu tüm tarafların gereksinimlerine cevap verebilmek için Açık İnovasyon 2.0 dan yararlanma koşulları değerlendirilmeye çalışılacaktır. Bu kapsamda kamu sektöründe inovasyon ihtiyacını yönlendiren unsurların anlaşılması, Açık İnovasyon 2.0 yapısı, uygulamaları ve Türkiye’deki kamu sektöründen örneklerin incelenmesi amaçlanmaktadır.

References

  • Akçomak, S. (2009), “Kamu Sektöründe İnovasyon Hangi Ölçüde?”, Bilgi Çağı Dergisi, 59: 60-61.
  • Akyos, M. (2007), “Kamuda İnovasyon”. http://www.inovasyon.org/pdf/MA.Kamuda.Inovasyon.pdf (01 Ekim 2018).
  • Albury, D. (2005), “Fostering Innovation in Public Services”, Public Money and Management, Volume 25, Number 1.
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2010), Innobarometer 2010, Innovation in Public Administration. http://ec.europa.eu/public_opinion/flash/ fl_305_en.pdf (11 Eylül 2018).
  • Avrupa Komisyonu. (2013), European Public Sector Innovation Scoreboard 2013, A pilot Exercise. https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/fe2a3b4b-3d7e-444d-82bc-790a0ab33737 (11 Eylül 2018)
  • Baker, K. (2002), Innovation. Management Benchmark Study. Washington, D.C. Department of Energy Office of Science, Air University (USAF)
  • Bloch, C., Jorgensen, L.L., Norn, M.T. and Vad, T. B. (2009). Public Sector Innovation Index–A Diagnostic Tool for measuring innovative performance and capability in public sector organisations (Exploratory project commissioned by NESTA). http://www.nesta.org.uk/ sites/default/files/kcfinder/files/Public%20Sector%20Innovation%20Diagnostic%20Tool. pdf (15 Ekim 2018)
  • UN – United Nations (2006), Innovations in Governance and Public Administration: Replicating What Works.
  • Bonecki, M. (2016), ”Open innovation model within public research and innovation programmes”, Public Philosophy & Democratic Education Volume 5 • 2016 • Issue 2 • pp. 171-188 • DOI: 10.14746/fped.2016.5.2.29
  • Borins, S. (2001), The Challenge of Innovating in Government, The PricewaterhouseCoopers Endowment for The Business of Government, February 2001. website: www.businessofgovernment.org
  • Borins, S. (2002), “Leadership and innovation in the public sector”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 23(8), 467-476.
  • Bughin, J., Chui, M. and Johnson, B. (2008), “The Next Step in Open Innovation”, The McKinsey Quarterly, June 2008.
  • Chesbrough, H. (2003). Open Innovation: The New imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology. Harvard Business School Press. Boston.
  • Chesbrough, H. W., Vanhaverbeke, W. and West, J. (2008), Open Innovation: Researching a New Paradigm. Oxford University Press.
  • Cohen, W. and Levinthal, D. (1990), “Absorptive Capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation”. Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-152.
  • Curley, M. and Salmelin, B. (2013). Open Innovation 2.0: A New Paradigm. White Paper. The Open Innovation Strategy and Policy Group, 1-12..
  • De Vries, H., Bekkers, V. and Tummers, L. (2016), “Innovation in the public sector: A systematic review and future research agenda”. Public Administration, 94(1), 146-166.
  • Dobni, C.B., (2010), “Achieving Synergy Between Strategy and Innovation: The Key to Value Creation”, International Journal of Business Science And Applied Management, Volume 5, Issue 1, pp.49-58.
  • Dyer, J.H. and Singh H. (1998), “The relational view: Cooperative strategy and sources of interorganizational competitive advantage”, Academy of Management Review, 23(4), 660-679.
  • Ecevit Z. and İşçi Ö. (2007), “Kurumsal Karne Gelişiminde Stratejik Yönetimi Etkinleştirme”, Marmara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Öneri Dergisi, C:7, S:28, Haziran, s. 121-134, ISSN: 1300-0845.
  • Ecevit Satı, Z. (2013), İnovasyonu Yönetmede Kesitler: Bilgi Yönetimi, Ar-Ge, Marka Yönetimi, Stratejik Yönetim, Nobel Yayınevi, 1. Basım, Ankara, Mart 2013. ISBN: 9786051335056. Ecevit Satı Z. and Işık Ö. (2011), “İnovasyon ve Stratejik Yönetim Sinerjisi: Stratejik İnovasyon”, Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, Cilt:9, Sayı:2, ss. 538-559, Ekim 2011. ISSN: 1304-4796.
  • Erden, Y., Durukan, C., Ertan, A. ve Doğan, M. (2014), Ulusal İnovasyon Girişimi 2006-2013 Dönemi Değerlendirme Raporu. İstanbul: Rekabet Forumu.
  • Ernest&Young, (2017), Public Sector Innovation: From Ideas to Actions, https://www.ey.com/Publication/vwLUAssets/EY-innovation-public-sector-en/$FILE/EY-innovation-public-sector-en.pdf (1 Ekim 2018)
  • Etzkowitz, H. (2008), The Triple Helix. University–Industry–Government.Innovation in Action. New York–London: Routledge.
  • Freeman, C. (1988), “Japan: A new national innovation system?”, In: G. Dosi, C. Freeman, R.R. Nelson, G. Silverberg, L. Soete (Eds.), Technology and Economy Theory (pp. 331-348). London: Pinter.
  • Gökçe, S. G. (2015), “Kamuda İnovasyon ve Türkiye’deki Uygulamaları”. Uluslararası Yönetim ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 28-37. http://www.uysad.com/FileUpload/bs570063/File/ sinem_gokce.pdf. (15 Mayıs 2018).
  • Gudowsky, N. and Peissl, W. (2016), “Human centred science and technology - transdisciplinary foresight and co-creation as tools for active needs-based innovation governance”. European Journal of Futures Research, 4(1), 1-10.
  • Hughes, A., Moore, K. and Nimesh, K. (2011), Innovation in Public Sector Organisations. A pilot survey for measuring innovation across the public sector. NESTA: London. İSTKA (2012), Kamu Kurumlarında İnovasyon, İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı’nın “Bilgi Odaklı Ekonomik Kalkınma Mali Destek Programı” kapsamında İSTKA/2012/BIL/190 Sözleşme Numaralı “Mükemmeliyet Merkezi Projesi”ne sağlanan destek ile hazırlanmıştır. https://www.istka.org.tr/media/20864/kamu-kurumlar%C4%B1nda-%C4%B0novasyon.pdf (25 Ekim 2018).
  • Kamarck, E. C. (2004), Government Innovation Around the World, Ash Institute for Democratic Governance and Innovation. John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, November 2004.
  • Kaymakçalan, Ö. (2009), “Kamuda İnovasyon Önündeki Engel ‘katı, hiyerarşik yapı”, Bilgiçağı Dergisi, Yıl:5, Sayı: 59, ss: 42-43.
  • Kelley, T. and J. Littman (2007), 10 İnovasyon Emri, Çev. Can Sungur, Mediacat Kitapları, İstanbul, 49–69.
  • Kumar, N. R. and Rose, C. (2012), “The Impact of Knowledge Sharing and Islamic Work Ethic on Innovation Capability”, Cross Cultural Management: An International Journal, 19, 2, 142–65.
  • Lundvall, B.Å. (1985), The Learning Economy and the Economicsof Hope. London-New York: Anthem Press.
  • Maliye Bakanlığı Strateji Geliştirme Başkanlığı (2009). Kamuda Yenilik Araştırma Raporu 22, İstanbul Kalkınma Ajansı, 2009: 12.( http://sbm.org.tr) (15 Mayıs 2018).
  • McLoughlin, 1., Wilson, R., Cornford, J., Vaughan, R. and Martin, M. (2004), "Enacting Technology: from 'Building' the Virtual State to 'Architecting' Infrastructures for the Integration of Public Service Delivery?", Paper prepared for workshop on Information, Knowledge and Management - Re-Assessing the role of ICTs in public and private organisations - 3-5 March, SSPA Bologna, Italy.
  • Mortara, L., Napp, J. J., Slacik, I. and Minshall, T. (2009), How to implement open innovation: Lessons from studying large multinational companies. Centre for Technology Management, Institute for Manufacturing. University of Cambridge Institute for Manufacturing, UK. [e-document]. (May 14, 2018). ,,
  • Mulgan, G. and Albury, D. (2003), Innovation in the Public Sector. London: Strategy Unit.
  • Nählinder, J. (2010), “Where are all the Female Innovators? Nurses as Innovators in a Public Sector Innovation Project”, Journal of Technology Management & Innovation, 5, 1, 13–29.
  • Nelson, R.R. and S.G. Winter, 1982, The evolutionary theory of economic change, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • Normann, R. and Ramirez, R. (1993), “From Value Chain to Value Constellation: Designing Interactive Strategy”. Harvard Business Review, 71(4), 65-77.
  • OECD (2008), Open Innovation in Global Networks. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development Publishing.
  • Pärna,O. and Tunzelmann., N. Von (2007), “Innovation in the Public Sector: Key Features Influencing theDevelopment and Implementation of Technologically Innovative Public Sector Services in theUK, Denmark, Finland and Estonia”, Information Polity, 12, 3, 109–25.
  • Penrose, E. (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm (New York, Oxford University Press Inc).
  • Poot, T.,Faems, D. and Vanhaverbeke, W. (2009), “Toward a Dynamic Perspective on Open Innovation: A Longitudinal Assessment of the Adoption of Internal and External Innovation Strategies in the Netherlands”. International Journal of Innovation Management, Vol. 13, No. 2 pp. 1–24.
  • Potts, J. and Kastelle, T. (2010), “Public sector innovation research: What’s next?”. Innovation, 12(2), pp.122-137.
  • Salmelin, B. (2013), The Horizon 2020 framework and Open Innovation Ecosystems. Journal of Innovation Management, 1(2), 4-9.
  • Saran, U. (2004), Kamu Yönetiminde Yeniden Yapılanma, Atlas Yayını, Ankara.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Economics
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Zümrüt Ecevit Satı

Publication Date December 26, 2019
Submission Date December 16, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 5 Issue: 10

Cite

APA Ecevit Satı, Z. (2019). Kamu Sektöründe Stratejik Yönetimi Etkinleştirmede Açık İnovasyon 2.0: Türk Kamu Sektöründe Uygulanma Koşullarını Değerlendirme. Strategic Public Management Journal, 5(10), 31-53. https://doi.org/10.25069/spmj.660265

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