Üniversite Web Sitesi Ana Sayfalarının Kullanılabilirliğinin Değerlendirilmesi: Göz İzleme Yaklaşımı
Öz
Ziyaretçilerin ilk karşılandığı yer olan üniversite web sitesi ana sayfalarının iyi bir tasarıma sahip olması ve ziyaretçileri tarafından kullanışlı bulunması, aday öğrenci, araştırmacı, yerli ve yabancı akademik kuruluşlar gibi dış paydaşların üniversiteye olan ilgilerini artırmak ve sürekli kılmak adına oldukça kilit rol oynamaktadır. Bu motivasyondan yola çıkarak bu çalışma, seçilen beş Türk üniversitesinin ana sayfa tasarımlarını kullanılabilirlik yönünden değerlendirmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda göz izleme yaklaşımı kullanılmış, bir insan-bilgisayar etkileşimi laboratuvarındaki göz izleme cihazı ve diğer donanımlar vasıtasıyla katılımcıların ilgili web sayfalarıyla olan etkileşimlerini incelenmiştir. Deneklerin görüntüleme davranış verilerinin detaylı analizi sonucunda elde edilen bulgular, kullanıcıların ilgili sayfalardaki menü bileşenlerini bulma görevlerini yerine getirdikleri halde, bu sayfaların kullanılabilirliğinde farklı zorluklarla karşılaştıklarını göstermiştir. Bu çalışma, bu alanda çalışan araştırmacılara, üniversite web sayfalarının göz izleme yöntemi ile kullanılabilirliklerinin değerlendirmesine ilişkin değerli bir referans olmasının yanı sıra paydaşların ilgisini çeken ve daha kullanıcı merkezli üniversite web sitesi ana sayfalarının tasarlanması yönünde çıkarımlar sunmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
İnsan-bilgisayar etkileşimi Web sitesi kullanılabilirliği Kullanıcı deneyimi Bilgi sistemleri Bilgi yönetimi
Kaynakça
- Alexander, D. (2005). How usable are university websites? A report on a study of the prospective student experience. AusWeb05: 11th Australasian World Wide Web Conference.
- Alotaibi, M. B. (2013). Assessing the usability of university websites in Saudi Arabia: A heuristic evaluation approach. Proceedings of the 2013 10th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, ITNG 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2013.26
- Caglar, E., & Mentes, S. A. (2012). The usability of university websites - A study on European University of Lefke. International Journal of Business Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2012.048340
- Du Toit, M., & Bothma, C. (2009). Evaluating the usability of an academic marketing department’s website from a marketing student’s perspective. International Retail and Marketing Review.
- Duchowski, A. (2007). Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice. In Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-609-4
- Goldberg, J. H., & Wichansky, A. M. (2003). Eye Tracking in Usability Evaluation. A Practitioner’s Guide. In The Mind’s Eye: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451020-4/50027-X
- Hasan, L. (2014). Evaluating the Usability of Educational Websites Based on Students’ Preferences of Design Characteristics. International Arab Journal of E-Technology.
- Hessels, R. S., Kemner, C., van den Boomen, C., & Hooge, I. T. C. (2016). The area-of-interest problem in eyetracking research: A noise-robust solution for face and sparse stimuli. Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1694–1712. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0676-y
- Huang, L. M., & Bilal, D. (2019). Usability of University Recruitment Web Pages from International Doctoral Students’ Perspectives. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_37
- International Organization for Standardization. (1998). ISO 9241-11: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - part 11: guidance on usability. International Organization for Standardization. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001776
- Islam, A., & Tsuji, K. (2011). Evaluation of Usage of University Websites in Bangladesh. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.31.6.1322
- Jakob Nielsen. (2001). 113 Design Guidelines for Homepage Usability (Jakob Nielsen).
- Johansen, S. A., & Hansen, J. P. (2006). Do we need eye trackers to tell where people look? Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125630
- Kostaras, N., Kostaras, N., Xenos, M., & Xenos, M. (2007). Assessing Educational Web-site Usability using Heuristic Evaluation Rules. Evaluation.
- Matera, M., Rizzo, F., & Carughi, G. T. (2006). Web usability: Principles and evaluation methods. In Web Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28218-1_5
- Mentes, S. A., & Turan, A. H. (2012). Assessing the usability of university websites: An empirical study on Namik Kemal University. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
- Mustafa, S. H., & Al-Zoua’bi, L. F. (2008). Usability of the academic websites of Jordans’ Universities An evaluation study. Conference: 9th International Arab Conference for Information Technology(ACIT’2008)., At Tunisia.
- Nakatani, C., & Pollatsek, A. (2004). An eye movement analysis of “mental rotation” of simple scenes. Perception and Psychophysics. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196848
- Özçelik, E., Kurşun, E., & Çağıltay, K. (2006). Göz Hareketlerini İzleme Yöntemiyle Üniversite Web Sayfalarının İncelenmesi. Akademik Bilişim 2006 Bildiriler Kitapçigi.
- Patterson, K., & Ellis, A. (2004). Usability and meeting the needs of educational Web site users. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian World Wide Web Conference.
- Peker, S., Kucukozer-Cavdar, S., & Cagiltay, K. (2016). Exploring the relationship between web presence and web usability for universities: A case study from Turkey. Program. https://doi.org/10.1108/PROG-04-2014-0024
- Peterson, K. (2006). Academic Web site design and academic templates: Where does the library fit in? Information Technology and Libraries. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i4.3354
- Poole, A., & Ball, L. J. (2005). Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch034
- Rahman, M. S., & Ahmed, S. M. Z. (2013). Exploring the factors influencing the usability of academic websites: A case study in a university setting. Business Information Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382113482557
- Rankings, Q. W. university. (2019). QS World university rankings 2019. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315155890-7
- Russell, M. C. (2005). Hotspots and Hyperlinks: Using Eye-tracking to Supplement Usability Testing. Usability News.
- Torres Melgarejo, L., Zapata Del Río, C., & Quispe Vilchez, E. (2019). Exploring the Relationship Between Web Presence and Web Usability in Peruvian Universities. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_43
- Tüzün, H., Akinci, A., Kurtoǧlu, M., Atal, D., & Pala, F. K. (2013). A study on the usability of a university registrar’s office website through the methods of authentic tasks and eye-tracking. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
- Wang, J., Antonenko, P., Celepkolu, M., Jimenez, Y., Fieldman, E., & Fieldman, A. (2019). Exploring Relationships Between Eye Tracking and Traditional Usability Testing Data. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1464776
- Yan, P., & Guo, J. (2010). The research of web usability design. 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAE.2010.5451619
Öz
The fact that the home pages of the university website, which is the first place where the visitors are welcomed, have a good design and are useful by the visitors, plays a very key role in increasing and sustaining the interest of external stakeholders such as prospective students, researchers, domestic and foreign academic institutions. Based on this motivation, this study aims to evaluate the home page designs of five selected Turkish universities in terms of usability. For this purpose, an eye tracking approach was used, and the interactions of the participants with the relevant web pages were examined through the eye tracking device and other equipment in a human-computer interaction laboratory. The findings obtained with the analysis of the viewing behavior data of the subjects showed that although the users mostly fulfilled the task of finding the menu items on the relevant pages, they encountered different difficulties in the usage of these pages. This study provides researchers working in this field as a valuable reference for the usability evaluation the of university web pages by eye tracking method, as well as implications for the design of more user-centered university homepages that attract stakeholders' attention.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Human-computer interaction Web site usability User experience Information systems Information management
Kaynakça
- Alexander, D. (2005). How usable are university websites? A report on a study of the prospective student experience. AusWeb05: 11th Australasian World Wide Web Conference.
- Alotaibi, M. B. (2013). Assessing the usability of university websites in Saudi Arabia: A heuristic evaluation approach. Proceedings of the 2013 10th International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations, ITNG 2013. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITNG.2013.26
- Caglar, E., & Mentes, S. A. (2012). The usability of university websites - A study on European University of Lefke. International Journal of Business Information Systems. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJBIS.2012.048340
- Du Toit, M., & Bothma, C. (2009). Evaluating the usability of an academic marketing department’s website from a marketing student’s perspective. International Retail and Marketing Review.
- Duchowski, A. (2007). Eye tracking methodology: Theory and practice. In Eye Tracking Methodology: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-609-4
- Goldberg, J. H., & Wichansky, A. M. (2003). Eye Tracking in Usability Evaluation. A Practitioner’s Guide. In The Mind’s Eye: Cognitive and Applied Aspects of Eye Movement Research. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-044451020-4/50027-X
- Hasan, L. (2014). Evaluating the Usability of Educational Websites Based on Students’ Preferences of Design Characteristics. International Arab Journal of E-Technology.
- Hessels, R. S., Kemner, C., van den Boomen, C., & Hooge, I. T. C. (2016). The area-of-interest problem in eyetracking research: A noise-robust solution for face and sparse stimuli. Behavior Research Methods, 48(4), 1694–1712. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0676-y
- Huang, L. M., & Bilal, D. (2019). Usability of University Recruitment Web Pages from International Doctoral Students’ Perspectives. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_37
- International Organization for Standardization. (1998). ISO 9241-11: Ergonomic requirements for office work with visual display terminals (VDTs) - part 11: guidance on usability. International Organization for Standardization. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4001776
- Islam, A., & Tsuji, K. (2011). Evaluation of Usage of University Websites in Bangladesh. DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology. https://doi.org/10.14429/djlit.31.6.1322
- Jakob Nielsen. (2001). 113 Design Guidelines for Homepage Usability (Jakob Nielsen).
- Johansen, S. A., & Hansen, J. P. (2006). Do we need eye trackers to tell where people look? Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/1125451.1125630
- Kostaras, N., Kostaras, N., Xenos, M., & Xenos, M. (2007). Assessing Educational Web-site Usability using Heuristic Evaluation Rules. Evaluation.
- Matera, M., Rizzo, F., & Carughi, G. T. (2006). Web usability: Principles and evaluation methods. In Web Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-28218-1_5
- Mentes, S. A., & Turan, A. H. (2012). Assessing the usability of university websites: An empirical study on Namik Kemal University. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
- Mustafa, S. H., & Al-Zoua’bi, L. F. (2008). Usability of the academic websites of Jordans’ Universities An evaluation study. Conference: 9th International Arab Conference for Information Technology(ACIT’2008)., At Tunisia.
- Nakatani, C., & Pollatsek, A. (2004). An eye movement analysis of “mental rotation” of simple scenes. Perception and Psychophysics. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03196848
- Özçelik, E., Kurşun, E., & Çağıltay, K. (2006). Göz Hareketlerini İzleme Yöntemiyle Üniversite Web Sayfalarının İncelenmesi. Akademik Bilişim 2006 Bildiriler Kitapçigi.
- Patterson, K., & Ellis, A. (2004). Usability and meeting the needs of educational Web site users. Proceedings of the Tenth Australian World Wide Web Conference.
- Peker, S., Kucukozer-Cavdar, S., & Cagiltay, K. (2016). Exploring the relationship between web presence and web usability for universities: A case study from Turkey. Program. https://doi.org/10.1108/PROG-04-2014-0024
- Peterson, K. (2006). Academic Web site design and academic templates: Where does the library fit in? Information Technology and Libraries. https://doi.org/10.6017/ital.v25i4.3354
- Poole, A., & Ball, L. J. (2005). Eye tracking in HCI and usability research. In Encyclopedia of Human Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-562-7.ch034
- Rahman, M. S., & Ahmed, S. M. Z. (2013). Exploring the factors influencing the usability of academic websites: A case study in a university setting. Business Information Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266382113482557
- Rankings, Q. W. university. (2019). QS World university rankings 2019. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315155890-7
- Russell, M. C. (2005). Hotspots and Hyperlinks: Using Eye-tracking to Supplement Usability Testing. Usability News.
- Torres Melgarejo, L., Zapata Del Río, C., & Quispe Vilchez, E. (2019). Exploring the Relationship Between Web Presence and Web Usability in Peruvian Universities. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Including Subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23535-2_43
- Tüzün, H., Akinci, A., Kurtoǧlu, M., Atal, D., & Pala, F. K. (2013). A study on the usability of a university registrar’s office website through the methods of authentic tasks and eye-tracking. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology.
- Wang, J., Antonenko, P., Celepkolu, M., Jimenez, Y., Fieldman, E., & Fieldman, A. (2019). Exploring Relationships Between Eye Tracking and Traditional Usability Testing Data. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2018.1464776
- Yan, P., & Guo, J. (2010). The research of web usability design. 2010 The 2nd International Conference on Computer and Automation Engineering, ICCAE 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCAE.2010.5451619
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2021 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2021 Sayı: 25 |
