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Sağlık Politikası Analizi: Kavram, Yöntem Ve Teknikler

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 69 - 92, 30.11.2022

Öz

Sağlık politikası, bir toplumda belirli sağlık hedeflerine ulaşmak için alınan kararlar, planlar ve eylemler olarak tanımlanabilmektedir. Sağlık politikalarının analizi, hem uygulamada olan politikaların gelişimi ve sonuçlarının ortaya konulması hem de geleceğe yönelik politikaların ortaya konulması için önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Sağlık politikası analizi, bireylerin ve toplumun sağlığına daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar katkıda bulunacak bir konumdadır. Politika analizine yönelik yaklaşımlar büyük ölçüde kullanılan disipliner çerçeveye ve analizin amacına bağlıdır. Elbette ki belirli politikanın ekonomik analizi ile toplumun üzerindeki potansiyel etkinin analizi farklı bir yaklaşım gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, sağlık politikası, sağlık politikası analizi kavramlarını açıklamak ve sağlık politikası analizi yöntem ve tekniklerini ortaya koymaktır. Amaca yönelik olarak doküman incelemesi yönteminden faydalanılmıştır. Çalışmada, Türkçe alanyazında oldukça az gelişmiş durumda olan sağlık politikası analizi her yönden ele alınmış, sağlık politikası analizi yöntem ve teknikleri ortaya konulmuş ve konuda yapılan örnek çalışmalar bütüncül şekilde sunulmuştur. Akademik alanda yapılacak sağlık politikası analizleri önemli bir yer tutmakta, bu çalışmanın da sağlık politikası analizine ilişkin yöntem ve teknikleri bütüncül şekilde sunması sebebiyle araştırmacılara yol gösterici nitelikte olması bakımından önemli bir boşluğu dolduracağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyu, Z. (2002). Policy mapping for establishing a national emergency health policy for Nigeria. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2(1), 1-6.
  • Almgren, G. (2013). Health care politics, policy, and services: A social justice analysis, Second edition, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Anderson, J. (1975). Public Policy Making. London: Nelson.
  • Arıkan, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Ateş, B. ve Mamur Işıkçı, Y. (2020). 2000’li Yıllardan İtibaren Türkiye’de Sağlık Politikalarındaki Değişimin Çoklu Akış Modeli ile Analizi. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 139-151.
  • Bacchi, C. (1999). Women, Policy and Politics: The Construction of Policy Problems. Sage, London.
  • Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the Problem Represented to Be? Sydney: Pearson.
  • Bambra, C., Fox, D., Scott-Samuel, A. (2005). Towards a politics of health. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 187-193.
  • Barker, C. (2000). The Health Care Policy Process, London: Sage Publications.
  • Blackmore, J. ve Lauder, H. (2005). Researching policy. Somekh, B. and Lewin, C. (Ed.), Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: SAGE.
  • Bossert, T. (1998) Analyzing the decentralization of health systems in developing countries: decision space, innovation and performance. Social Sciende Medical, 47(10), 1513-1527.
  • Browne, J., Coffey, B., Cook, K., Meiklejohn, S. ve Palermo, C. (2018). A guide to policy analysis as a research method. Health Promotion International, 34(5), 1032-1044.
  • Buse, K. (2008). Addressing the theoretical, practical and ethical challenges inherent in prospective health policy analysis. Health Policy Planning, 23(5), 351-360.
  • Buse, K., Mays, N. ve Walt, G. (2012). Making Health Policy, New York: Open University Press.
  • Cansever, İ.H. (2020). Sağlık Planlaması Üzerine Bir Analiz. (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Colebatch, H. (2006). Accounting for Policy in Australia. Public Policy, 1(1), 37–51.
  • Çevik, H.H. (2016). Politika, Altunok, H. ve Gedikkaya, F.G. (Ed.). Kamu Politikaları Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Çevik, H.H., (1998), Kamu Politikaları Analizi Çalışmaları Üzerine Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 31(2), 103-112.
  • Dye, T. (2001) Top Down Policymaking. London: Chatham House Publishers.
  • Dye, T.R. (2012). Understanding Public Policy, 14th Edition, USA: Pearson.
  • Gilson, L. Agyepong, I.A. ve Shiffman, J. (2018). Health Policy Analysıs: Starting Points, Gilson, L. Orgill, M. Shroff, Z.C. (Ed). A Health Policy Analysis Reader: The Politics of Policy Change in Low-And Middle-Income Countries, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Gilson, L. Orgill, M. Shroff, Z.C. (2018). A Health Policy Analysis Reader: The Politics of Policy Change in Low-And Middle-Income Countries, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Gilson, L., Raphaely, N. (2008). The terrain of health policy analysis in low and middle income countries: a review of published literature, 1994-2007. Health Policy Planning. 23(5), 294-307.
  • Gilson,, L. (2012). Health Policy and Systems Research: A Methodology Reader, Geneva, Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research & World Health Organization.
  • Glassman, A., Reich, M.R., Laserson, K. ve Rojas, F. (1999). Political analysis of health reform in the Dominican Republic. Health Policy and Planning, 14(2), 115-26.
  • Goodin, R.E, Moran, M. ve Rein, M. (2006). The public and its policies. The Oxford handbook of public policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Green, J. ve Thorogood, N. (1998). Analysing health policy: sociological approaches, USA: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
  • Grindle, M. ve Thomas, J. (1991). Public choice and policy change. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Hogwood, G. ve Gunn, L. (1984). Policy analysis for the real world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Janovsky, K. ve Cassels, A., (1996), Health Policy and Systems Research: Issues, Methods and Priorities, Janovsky, K. (Ed.), Health Policy an System Development: An Agenda for Research, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • John, P. (1998). Analysing public policy. London: Continuum.
  • Kantaş Yılmaz, F. ve Ergül, S. (2021). Sağlık Politikası Analizi: Göçmen Sağlığı Kapsamında Suriyeli Sığınmacılar. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi. 3(2), 119-128.
  • Keck, M.E. ve Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Kingdon, J. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
  • Kraft, M.E. ve Furlon, S.R., (2007), Public Policy, Washington DC: CQ Press.
  • Lancaster, K. Ritter, A. ve Colebatch, H. (2014). Problems, policy and politics: making sense of Australia’s “ice epidemic”. Policy Studies, 35, 147-171.
  • Lencucha, R., Ruckert, A., Labonte, R., ve Drope, J. (2018). Opening windows and closing gaps: a case analysis of Canada’s 2009 tobacco additives ban and its policy lessons. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1321
  • MacRae, D.J. (1979) Concepts and Methods of Policy Analysis, Society, 16(6), 17-23.
  • McLaughlin, C.P ve McLaughlin, C.D. (2019). Health policy analysis: an interdisciplinary approach. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Mogalakwe, M. (2006). The use of documentary research methods in social research. African Sociological Review, 10(1), 221-230.
  • Palmer, G. ve Short, S. (1998). Health care and public policy: An Australian analysis. Melbourne, Australia: MacMillian.
  • Parsons, W. (1995). Public Policy: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Policy Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  • Patton, C.V., Sawicki, D.S. ve Clark, J.J. (2016). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. Third Edition, New York: Routledge.
  • Reich, M.R. (1994). Political Mapping of Health Policy: A Guide for Managing the Political Dimensions of Health Policy. Data for Decision Making, Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.
  • Reich, M.R. (1995). The Politics of Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries: Three Cases of Pharmaceuttical Policiy. Health Policy, 32(1), 47-77.
  • Reich, M.R. ve Cooper, D.M. (1996) PolicyMaker: Computer-Assisted Political Analysis (Software and Manual). PoliMap, Newton Centre.
  • Sabatier, P.A. (2007). Theories of the policy process. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Seavey, J.W., Aytur, S.A. ve McGrath, R.J. (2014). Health policy analysis : framework and tools for success, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Tantivess, S. ve Walt, G. (2008) The role of state and non-state actors in the policy process: the contribution of policy networks to the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. Health Policy Planning. 23(5), 328-338.
  • Toygar, Ş.A. (2018). Sağlık Politikası Analizi. Tengilimoğlu, D. (Ed.). Sağlık Politikası. (95-110) içinde, Nobel Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Toygar, Ş.A. ve Orhaner, E. (2018). Madencilik Sektörünün İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Politikaları Açısından Politika Haritalama Yöntemiyle Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 58(3), 1253-1286.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2011). İktisat Terimleri Sözlüğü. Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 1037, Terim Sözlükleri Dizisi: 6, Ankara.
  • Udokanma, E.E., Ogamba, I. ve Ilo, C. (2021). A health policy analysis of the implementation of the National Tobacco Control Act in Nigeria, Health Policy and Planning, 36(4), 484-492.
  • Ukeles, J.B. (1977). Policy Analysis: Myth or Reality? Public Administration Review, 37(3), 223-228. Varvasovszky Z, Brugha R. (2000). How to do a stakeholder analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 15, 338-345.
  • Walt, G. (1994). Health Policy: An Introduction to Process and Power. London: Zed Books.
  • Walt, G. (1996). Policy Analysis: An Approach, Janovsky, K. (Ed.) Health Policy an System Development: An Agenda for Research, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Walt, G. ve Gilson, L. (1994). Reforming the health sector in developing countries: the central role of policy analysis. Health Policy Planning. 9(4), 353-370.
  • Walt, G., Shiffman, J., Schneider, H., Murray, S. F., Brugha, R., ve Gilson, L. (2008). ‘Doing’ health policy analysis: methodological and conceptual reflections and challenges. Health Policy Planning, 23(5), 308-317.
  • Whiteford, H.A. vd. (2016). How did youth mental health make it onto Australia’s 2011 federal policy agenda? SAGE Open, 6, 1-12.
  • World Health Organization. (1978). Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma Ata 1977, Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Policy Development Process, WHO (Ed.), Health Service Planning and Policy Making: A Toolkit for Nurses and Midwives, Module 4, Philippines: World Health Organization Western Pasific Regional Publications.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.

Health Policy Analysis: Concept, Methods And Techniques

Yıl 2022, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3, 69 - 92, 30.11.2022

Öz

Health policy can be defined as the decisions, plans and actions taken to achieve certain health goals in a society. The analysis of health policies has an important place both for the development and results of the policies in practice and for revealing the policies for the future. Health policy analysis is in a position to contribute to the health of individuals and society more than ever before. Approaches to policy analysis largely depend on the disciplinary framework used and the purpose of the analysis. Of course, the economic analysis of the particular policy and the analysis of the potential impact on society require a different approach. The aim of this study is to explain the concepts of health policy, health policy analysis and to reveal the methods and techniques of health policy analysis. For this purpose, the document analysis method was used. In the study, health policy analysis, which is quite underdeveloped in the Turkish literature, is handled from all aspects, health policy analysis methods and techniques are presented, and case studies on the subject are presented in a holistic way. Health policy analyzes in the academic field have an important place, and it is thought that this study will fill an important gap in terms of being a guide for researchers since it presents the methods and techniques of health policy analysis in a holistic way.

Kaynakça

  • Aliyu, Z. (2002). Policy mapping for establishing a national emergency health policy for Nigeria. BMC International Health and Human Rights, 2(1), 1-6.
  • Almgren, G. (2013). Health care politics, policy, and services: A social justice analysis, Second edition, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Anderson, J. (1975). Public Policy Making. London: Nelson.
  • Arıkan, R. (2011). Araştırma yöntem ve teknikleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Ateş, B. ve Mamur Işıkçı, Y. (2020). 2000’li Yıllardan İtibaren Türkiye’de Sağlık Politikalarındaki Değişimin Çoklu Akış Modeli ile Analizi. Giresun Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 6(2), 139-151.
  • Bacchi, C. (1999). Women, Policy and Politics: The Construction of Policy Problems. Sage, London.
  • Bacchi, C. (2009). Analysing Policy: What’s the Problem Represented to Be? Sydney: Pearson.
  • Bambra, C., Fox, D., Scott-Samuel, A. (2005). Towards a politics of health. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 187-193.
  • Barker, C. (2000). The Health Care Policy Process, London: Sage Publications.
  • Blackmore, J. ve Lauder, H. (2005). Researching policy. Somekh, B. and Lewin, C. (Ed.), Research Methods in the Social Sciences. London: SAGE.
  • Bossert, T. (1998) Analyzing the decentralization of health systems in developing countries: decision space, innovation and performance. Social Sciende Medical, 47(10), 1513-1527.
  • Browne, J., Coffey, B., Cook, K., Meiklejohn, S. ve Palermo, C. (2018). A guide to policy analysis as a research method. Health Promotion International, 34(5), 1032-1044.
  • Buse, K. (2008). Addressing the theoretical, practical and ethical challenges inherent in prospective health policy analysis. Health Policy Planning, 23(5), 351-360.
  • Buse, K., Mays, N. ve Walt, G. (2012). Making Health Policy, New York: Open University Press.
  • Cansever, İ.H. (2020). Sağlık Planlaması Üzerine Bir Analiz. (Yayımlanmış Doktora Tezi), Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Isparta.
  • Colebatch, H. (2006). Accounting for Policy in Australia. Public Policy, 1(1), 37–51.
  • Çevik, H.H. (2016). Politika, Altunok, H. ve Gedikkaya, F.G. (Ed.). Kamu Politikaları Ansiklopedisi. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık.
  • Çevik, H.H., (1998), Kamu Politikaları Analizi Çalışmaları Üzerine Türkiye Açısından Bir Değerlendirme, Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 31(2), 103-112.
  • Dye, T. (2001) Top Down Policymaking. London: Chatham House Publishers.
  • Dye, T.R. (2012). Understanding Public Policy, 14th Edition, USA: Pearson.
  • Gilson, L. Agyepong, I.A. ve Shiffman, J. (2018). Health Policy Analysıs: Starting Points, Gilson, L. Orgill, M. Shroff, Z.C. (Ed). A Health Policy Analysis Reader: The Politics of Policy Change in Low-And Middle-Income Countries, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Gilson, L. Orgill, M. Shroff, Z.C. (2018). A Health Policy Analysis Reader: The Politics of Policy Change in Low-And Middle-Income Countries, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Gilson, L., Raphaely, N. (2008). The terrain of health policy analysis in low and middle income countries: a review of published literature, 1994-2007. Health Policy Planning. 23(5), 294-307.
  • Gilson,, L. (2012). Health Policy and Systems Research: A Methodology Reader, Geneva, Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research & World Health Organization.
  • Glassman, A., Reich, M.R., Laserson, K. ve Rojas, F. (1999). Political analysis of health reform in the Dominican Republic. Health Policy and Planning, 14(2), 115-26.
  • Goodin, R.E, Moran, M. ve Rein, M. (2006). The public and its policies. The Oxford handbook of public policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Green, J. ve Thorogood, N. (1998). Analysing health policy: sociological approaches, USA: Addison Wesley Longman Limited.
  • Grindle, M. ve Thomas, J. (1991). Public choice and policy change. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
  • Hogwood, G. ve Gunn, L. (1984). Policy analysis for the real world. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Janovsky, K. ve Cassels, A., (1996), Health Policy and Systems Research: Issues, Methods and Priorities, Janovsky, K. (Ed.), Health Policy an System Development: An Agenda for Research, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • John, P. (1998). Analysing public policy. London: Continuum.
  • Kantaş Yılmaz, F. ve Ergül, S. (2021). Sağlık Politikası Analizi: Göçmen Sağlığı Kapsamında Suriyeli Sığınmacılar. Sağlık ve Sosyal Refah Araştırmaları Dergisi. 3(2), 119-128.
  • Keck, M.E. ve Sikkink, K. (1998). Activists beyond borders. New York: Cornell University Press.
  • Kingdon, J. (1984). Agendas, Alternatives and Public Policies. Boston: Little Brown and Company.
  • Kraft, M.E. ve Furlon, S.R., (2007), Public Policy, Washington DC: CQ Press.
  • Lancaster, K. Ritter, A. ve Colebatch, H. (2014). Problems, policy and politics: making sense of Australia’s “ice epidemic”. Policy Studies, 35, 147-171.
  • Lencucha, R., Ruckert, A., Labonte, R., ve Drope, J. (2018). Opening windows and closing gaps: a case analysis of Canada’s 2009 tobacco additives ban and its policy lessons. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1321
  • MacRae, D.J. (1979) Concepts and Methods of Policy Analysis, Society, 16(6), 17-23.
  • McLaughlin, C.P ve McLaughlin, C.D. (2019). Health policy analysis: an interdisciplinary approach. Burlington: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
  • Mogalakwe, M. (2006). The use of documentary research methods in social research. African Sociological Review, 10(1), 221-230.
  • Palmer, G. ve Short, S. (1998). Health care and public policy: An Australian analysis. Melbourne, Australia: MacMillian.
  • Parsons, W. (1995). Public Policy: An Introduction to the Theory and Practice of Policy Analysis. Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd.
  • Patton, C.V., Sawicki, D.S. ve Clark, J.J. (2016). Basic methods of policy analysis and planning. Third Edition, New York: Routledge.
  • Reich, M.R. (1994). Political Mapping of Health Policy: A Guide for Managing the Political Dimensions of Health Policy. Data for Decision Making, Boston: Harvard School of Public Health.
  • Reich, M.R. (1995). The Politics of Health Sector Reform in Developing Countries: Three Cases of Pharmaceuttical Policiy. Health Policy, 32(1), 47-77.
  • Reich, M.R. ve Cooper, D.M. (1996) PolicyMaker: Computer-Assisted Political Analysis (Software and Manual). PoliMap, Newton Centre.
  • Sabatier, P.A. (2007). Theories of the policy process. Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Seavey, J.W., Aytur, S.A. ve McGrath, R.J. (2014). Health policy analysis : framework and tools for success, New York: Springer Publishing Company.
  • Tantivess, S. ve Walt, G. (2008) The role of state and non-state actors in the policy process: the contribution of policy networks to the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in Thailand. Health Policy Planning. 23(5), 328-338.
  • Toygar, Ş.A. (2018). Sağlık Politikası Analizi. Tengilimoğlu, D. (Ed.). Sağlık Politikası. (95-110) içinde, Nobel Yayıncılık: Ankara.
  • Toygar, Ş.A. ve Orhaner, E. (2018). Madencilik Sektörünün İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Politikaları Açısından Politika Haritalama Yöntemiyle Analizi. Çalışma ve Toplum Dergisi, 58(3), 1253-1286.
  • Türk Dil Kurumu. (2011). İktisat Terimleri Sözlüğü. Atatürk Kültür, Dil ve Tarih Yüksek Kurumu, Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları: 1037, Terim Sözlükleri Dizisi: 6, Ankara.
  • Udokanma, E.E., Ogamba, I. ve Ilo, C. (2021). A health policy analysis of the implementation of the National Tobacco Control Act in Nigeria, Health Policy and Planning, 36(4), 484-492.
  • Ukeles, J.B. (1977). Policy Analysis: Myth or Reality? Public Administration Review, 37(3), 223-228. Varvasovszky Z, Brugha R. (2000). How to do a stakeholder analysis. Health Policy and Planning, 15, 338-345.
  • Walt, G. (1994). Health Policy: An Introduction to Process and Power. London: Zed Books.
  • Walt, G. (1996). Policy Analysis: An Approach, Janovsky, K. (Ed.) Health Policy an System Development: An Agenda for Research, Geneva: World Health Organization.
  • Walt, G. ve Gilson, L. (1994). Reforming the health sector in developing countries: the central role of policy analysis. Health Policy Planning. 9(4), 353-370.
  • Walt, G., Shiffman, J., Schneider, H., Murray, S. F., Brugha, R., ve Gilson, L. (2008). ‘Doing’ health policy analysis: methodological and conceptual reflections and challenges. Health Policy Planning, 23(5), 308-317.
  • Whiteford, H.A. vd. (2016). How did youth mental health make it onto Australia’s 2011 federal policy agenda? SAGE Open, 6, 1-12.
  • World Health Organization. (1978). Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma Ata 1977, Geneva: WHO.
  • World Health Organization. (2005). Policy Development Process, WHO (Ed.), Health Service Planning and Policy Making: A Toolkit for Nurses and Midwives, Module 4, Philippines: World Health Organization Western Pasific Regional Publications.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
Toplam 62 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

İbrahim Hüseyin Cansever 0000-0002-9999-6789

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Kasım 2022
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2022 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 3

Kaynak Göster

APA Cansever, İ. H. (2022). Sağlık Politikası Analizi: Kavram, Yöntem Ve Teknikler. Kamu Yönetimi Ve Politikaları Dergisi, 3(3), 69-92.

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