Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations

Ferhan Baş Kaman; Ahmet Yücel

doi:10.35377/saucis...1666618

EN

Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations

Abstract

The growing prominence of artificial intelligence has driven transformative innovations across sectors, with autonomous vehicles representing a salient manifestation of this technological shift. The reliability of autonomous vehicles plays a crucial role in determining their societal acceptance and large-scale deployment. Within this context, disengagement data serve as an objective indicator of system reliability. A rigorous analysis of disengagement data is essential for evaluating the real-world performance and operational reliability of autonomous vehicles. Such data circumstances necessitate human intervention, thereby revealing system vulnerabilities and opportunities for improvement. Consequently, precise and transparent disengagement analyses are vital for advancing AV technology and strengthening safety. This study investigates the determinants of disengagements and contrasts human-initiated with system-initiated events. Drawing on 17,406 reports (2021–2023), CHAID models identified key triggers including environmental context, system limitations, and operational conditions. The study identified key determinants, including planning inconsistencies, detection failures, and hardware malfunctions, and revealed clear seasonal variations, with disengagements peaking in summer and autumn and declining in winter and spring. Validated CHAID models demonstrated high accuracy, underscoring the importance of comprehensive training and testing across diverse conditions to enhance effectiveness and safety.

Keywords

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Automation Engineering

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Ferhan Baş Kaman ^*
0000-0002-1879-9215
Türkiye

Ahmet Yücel
0000-0002-2364-9449
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

December 11, 2025

Publication Date

December 29, 2025

Submission Date

March 27, 2025

Acceptance Date

October 16, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 4

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1666618

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA47NL95HA

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Baş Kaman, F., & Yücel, A. (2025). Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 8(4), 718-739. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1666618

AMA

1.Baş Kaman F, Yücel A. Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations. SAUCIS. 2025;8(4):718-739. doi:10.35377/saucis.1666618

Chicago

Baş Kaman, Ferhan, and Ahmet Yücel. 2025. “Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8 (4): 718-39. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1666618.

EndNote

Baş Kaman F, Yücel A (December 1, 2025) Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8 4 718–739.

IEEE

[1]F. Baş Kaman and A. Yücel, “Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations”, SAUCIS, vol. 8, no. 4, pp. 718–739, Dec. 2025, doi: 10.35377/saucis...1666618.

ISNAD

Baş Kaman, Ferhan - Yücel, Ahmet. “Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8/4 (December 1, 2025): 718-739. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1666618.

JAMA

1.Baş Kaman F, Yücel A. Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations. SAUCIS. 2025;8:718–739.

MLA

Baş Kaman, Ferhan, and Ahmet Yücel. “Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 8, no. 4, Dec. 2025, pp. 718-39, doi:10.35377/saucis. 1666618.

Vancouver

1.Ferhan Baş Kaman, Ahmet Yücel. Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Safety Through Chaid Modeling: Influential Factors, Seasonal Variations, and Systematic Limitations. SAUCIS. 2025 Dec. 1;8(4):718-39. doi:10.35377/saucis. 1666618