Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases

Khouloud Gargouri; Murat İskefiyeli

doi:10.35377/saucis...1754929

EN

Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases

Abstract

In recent years, with the acceleration of digitalization, Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) used particularly in energy transmission and distribution infrastructures have become one of the primary targets of cyber-attacks. This has made the detection and management of vulnerabilities in IEDs more challenging. Most energy system operators rely on security advisories published by vendors to identify security vulnerabilities. This study presents an approach aimed at automating this process. Manufacturer, model, hardware, and software version information of the devices is passively obtained from SCL files compliant with the IEC 61850 standard, and this data is correlated with the NVD, CWE, and vendor security bulletins to generate a comprehensive vulnerability report. In the implementations carried out in the CENTER-SAÜ test environment, the developed system was observed to produce accurate and complete results. The reports include the identified vulnerabilities and the risk level, attack vector, affected versions, patches and recommended mitigation measures for each vulnerability.

Keywords

References

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Computer Software

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Khouloud Gargouri ^*
0000-0002-8121-1234
Türkiye

Murat İskefiyeli
0000-0002-8210-5070
Türkiye

Early Pub Date

September 30, 2025

Publication Date

September 30, 2025

Submission Date

July 31, 2025

Acceptance Date

September 8, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 8 Number: 3

DOI

https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1754929

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA82AT24GM

Cite

RIS / Bibtex

APA

Gargouri, K., & İskefiyeli, M. (2025). Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 8(3), 553-569. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1754929

AMA

1.Gargouri K, İskefiyeli M. Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases. SAUCIS. 2025;8(3):553-569. doi:10.35377/saucis.1754929

Chicago

Gargouri, Khouloud, and Murat İskefiyeli. 2025. “Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8 (3): 553-69. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1754929.

EndNote

Gargouri K, İskefiyeli M (September 1, 2025) Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8 3 553–569.

IEEE

[1]K. Gargouri and M. İskefiyeli, “Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases”, SAUCIS, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 553–569, Sept. 2025, doi: 10.35377/saucis...1754929.

ISNAD

Gargouri, Khouloud - İskefiyeli, Murat. “Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8/3 (September 1, 2025): 553-569. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1754929.

JAMA

1.Gargouri K, İskefiyeli M. Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases. SAUCIS. 2025;8:553–569.

MLA

Gargouri, Khouloud, and Murat İskefiyeli. “Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 8, no. 3, Sept. 2025, pp. 553-69, doi:10.35377/saucis. 1754929.

Vancouver

1.Khouloud Gargouri, Murat İskefiyeli. Firmware Analyzer of Intelligent Electronic Devices in Substations Based on Vulnerability Databases. SAUCIS. 2025 Sep. 1;8(3):553-69. doi:10.35377/saucis. 1754929