Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 12 - 26, 28.03.2025

Selami Terazi , Arafat Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1607145

Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) enables devices to connect and exchange data, revolutionizing industries and daily life. However, the rapid growth of IoT devices has introduced significant security challenges, including cyber-attacks, data breaches, and unauthorized access. This study explores the integration of blockchain technology, particularly Hyperledger Fabric, to enhance IoT security. With its permissioned structure and decentralized approach, blockchain ensures secure data storage, integrity, and confidentiality. Hyperledger Fabric’s modular architecture offers organizations the flexibility to address these security needs effectively. Using the OPNET simulation tool, the study analyses the performance of IoT networks transmitting blockchain-encrypted packets. Results show that blockchain integration enhances security, strengthens user authentication, and prevents unauthorized access. These findings highlight blockchain's transformative potential for IoT security, offering practical solutions for industrial applications and emphasizing the need for continued research in this critical field.

Keywords

Blockchain IoT Cyber security Hyperledger Fabric OPNET

References

  • “How Many IoT Devices Are There(2024-2032).” Accessed: Jul. 22, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.demandsage.com/number-of-iot-devices/
  • D. Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. De Pellegrini, and I. Chlamtac, “Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1497–1516, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.ADHOC.2012.02.016.
  • A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, “Internet of things for smart cities,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–32, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328.
  • I. Lee and K. Lee, “The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises,” Bus Horiz, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 431–440, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2015.03.008.
  • L. Woetzel, J. Remes, B. Boland, and K. Lv, “Smart city technology for a more liveable future | McKinsey,” Jun. 2018. Accessed: Sep. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/smart-cities-digital-solutions-for-a-more-livable-future
  • S. Sicari, A. Rizzardi, L. A. Grieco, and A. Coen-Porisini, “Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead,” Computer Networks, vol. 76, pp. 146–164, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.COMNET.2014.11.008.
  • HP, “Internet of Things Research Study,” 2014.
  • C. Kolias, G. Kambourakis, A. Stavrou, and J. Voas, “DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and other botnets,” Computer (Long Beach Calif), vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 80–84, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MC.2017.201.
  • R. H. Weber and E. Studer, “Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things: Legal aspects,” Computer Law and Security Review, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 715–728, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.CLSR.2016.07.002.
  • K. Christidis and M. Devetsikiotis, “Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2292–2303, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339.
  • S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” 2008, Accessed: Sep. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: www.bitcoin.org
  • S. Singh, A. S. M. Sanwar Hosen, and B. Yoon, “Blockchain Security Attacks, Challenges, and Solutions for the Future Distributed IoT Network,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 13938–13959, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3051602.
  • A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 88, pp. 173–190, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.FUTURE.2018.05.046.
  • A. Bahga, V. K. Madisetti, A. Bahga, and V. K. Madisetti, “Blockchain Platform for Industrial Internet of Things,” Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 533–546, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.4236/JSEA.2016.910036.
  • E. A. Shammar, A. T. Zahary, and A. A. Al-Shargabi, “A Survey of IoT and Blockchain Integration: Security Perspective,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 156114–156150, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129697.
  • Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,” Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2017, pp. 557–564, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1109/BIGDATACONGRESS.2017.85.
  • E. Androulaki et al., “Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains,” Proceedings of the 13th EuroSys Conference, EuroSys 2018, vol. 2018-January, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1145/3190508.3190538.
  • A. de Vries, “Bitcoin’s Growing Energy Problem,” Joule, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 801–805, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.JOULE.2018.04.016.
  • S. Basudan, “A Scalable Blockchain Framework for Secure Transactions in IoT-Based Dynamic Applications,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2023, doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3307337.
  • A. Pathak, I. Al-Anbagi, and H. J. Hamilton, “TABI: Trust-Based ABAC Mechanism for Edge-IoT Using Blockchain Technology,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 36379–36398, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3265349.
  • S. S. Seshadri et al., “IoTCop: A Blockchain-Based Monitoring Framework for Detection and Isolation of Malicious Devices in Internet-of-Things Systems,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 3346–3359, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3022033.
  • B. Bera, S. Saha, A. K. Das, and A. V. Vasilakos, “Designing blockchain-based access control protocol in iot-enabled smart-grid system,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 5744–5761, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3030308.
  • H. M. Buttar, W. Aman, M. M. U. Rahman, and Q. H. Abbasi, “Countering Active Attacks on RAFT-Based IoT Blockchain Networks,” IEEE Sens J, vol. 23, no. 13, pp. 14691–14699, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3274687.
  • X. Yang et al., “Blockchain-Based Secure and Lightweight Authentication for Internet of Things,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 3321–3332, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3098007.
  • G. Rathee, F. Ahmad, N. Jaglan, and C. Konstantinou, “A Secure and Trusted Mechanism for Industrial IoT Network Using Blockchain,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1894–1902, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TII.2022.3182121.
  • H. Liu, D. Han, and D. Li, “Fabric-iot: A Blockchain-Based Access Control System in IoT,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 18207–18218, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968492.
  • J. Maeng, Y. Heo, and I. Joe, “Hyperledger Fabric-Based Lightweight Group Management (H-LGM) for IoT Devices,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56401–56409, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177270.
  • E. A. Shammar, A. T. Zahary, and A. A. Al-Shargabi, “An Attribute-Based Access Control Model for Internet of Things Using Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain,” Wirel Commun Mob Comput, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6926408.
  • R. Kaur and A. Ali, “A Novel Blockchain Model for Securing IoT Based Data Transmission,” International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1045–1055, Apr. 2021.
  • H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Guo, H. Wang, D. Cui, and Q. Wen, “Secure and Efficiently Searchable IoT Communication Data Management Model: Using Blockchain as a New Tool,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 10, no. 14, pp. 11985–11999, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3121482.
  • Z. Gong-Guo and Z. Wan, “Blockchain-based IoT security authentication system,” Proceedings - 2021 International Conference on Computer, Blockchain and Financial Development, CBFD 2021, pp. 415–418, 2021, doi: 10.1109/CBFD52659.2021.00090.
  • D. Li, W. Peng, W. Deng, and F. Gai, “A blockchain-based authentication and security mechanism for IoT,” Proceedings - International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN, vol. 2018-July, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICCCN.2018.8487449.

Year 2025, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 12 - 26, 28.03.2025

Selami Terazi , Arafat Şentürk

https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1607145

Abstract

References

  • “How Many IoT Devices Are There(2024-2032).” Accessed: Jul. 22, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.demandsage.com/number-of-iot-devices/
  • D. Miorandi, S. Sicari, F. De Pellegrini, and I. Chlamtac, “Internet of things: Vision, applications and research challenges,” Ad Hoc Networks, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 1497–1516, Sep. 2012, doi: 10.1016/J.ADHOC.2012.02.016.
  • A. Zanella, N. Bui, A. Castellani, L. Vangelista, and M. Zorzi, “Internet of things for smart cities,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 22–32, Feb. 2014, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2014.2306328.
  • I. Lee and K. Lee, “The Internet of Things (IoT): Applications, investments, and challenges for enterprises,” Bus Horiz, vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 431–440, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2015.03.008.
  • L. Woetzel, J. Remes, B. Boland, and K. Lv, “Smart city technology for a more liveable future | McKinsey,” Jun. 2018. Accessed: Sep. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: https://www.mckinsey.com/capabilities/operations/our-insights/smart-cities-digital-solutions-for-a-more-livable-future
  • S. Sicari, A. Rizzardi, L. A. Grieco, and A. Coen-Porisini, “Security, privacy and trust in Internet of Things: The road ahead,” Computer Networks, vol. 76, pp. 146–164, Jan. 2015, doi: 10.1016/J.COMNET.2014.11.008.
  • HP, “Internet of Things Research Study,” 2014.
  • C. Kolias, G. Kambourakis, A. Stavrou, and J. Voas, “DDoS in the IoT: Mirai and other botnets,” Computer (Long Beach Calif), vol. 50, no. 7, pp. 80–84, 2017, doi: 10.1109/MC.2017.201.
  • R. H. Weber and E. Studer, “Cybersecurity in the Internet of Things: Legal aspects,” Computer Law and Security Review, vol. 32, no. 5, pp. 715–728, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.1016/J.CLSR.2016.07.002.
  • K. Christidis and M. Devetsikiotis, “Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things,” IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2292–2303, 2016, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2566339.
  • S. Nakamoto, “Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,” 2008, Accessed: Sep. 13, 2024. [Online]. Available: www.bitcoin.org
  • S. Singh, A. S. M. Sanwar Hosen, and B. Yoon, “Blockchain Security Attacks, Challenges, and Solutions for the Future Distributed IoT Network,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 13938–13959, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3051602.
  • A. Reyna, C. Martín, J. Chen, E. Soler, and M. Díaz, “On blockchain and its integration with IoT. Challenges and opportunities,” Future Generation Computer Systems, vol. 88, pp. 173–190, Nov. 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.FUTURE.2018.05.046.
  • A. Bahga, V. K. Madisetti, A. Bahga, and V. K. Madisetti, “Blockchain Platform for Industrial Internet of Things,” Journal of Software Engineering and Applications, vol. 9, no. 10, pp. 533–546, Oct. 2016, doi: 10.4236/JSEA.2016.910036.
  • E. A. Shammar, A. T. Zahary, and A. A. Al-Shargabi, “A Survey of IoT and Blockchain Integration: Security Perspective,” IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 156114–156150, 2021, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3129697.
  • Z. Zheng, S. Xie, H. Dai, X. Chen, and H. Wang, “An Overview of Blockchain Technology: Architecture, Consensus, and Future Trends,” Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2017, pp. 557–564, Sep. 2017, doi: 10.1109/BIGDATACONGRESS.2017.85.
  • E. Androulaki et al., “Hyperledger Fabric: A Distributed Operating System for Permissioned Blockchains,” Proceedings of the 13th EuroSys Conference, EuroSys 2018, vol. 2018-January, Jan. 2018, doi: 10.1145/3190508.3190538.
  • A. de Vries, “Bitcoin’s Growing Energy Problem,” Joule, vol. 2, no. 5, pp. 801–805, May 2018, doi: 10.1016/J.JOULE.2018.04.016.
  • S. Basudan, “A Scalable Blockchain Framework for Secure Transactions in IoT-Based Dynamic Applications,” IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2023, doi: 10.1109/OJCOMS.2023.3307337.
  • A. Pathak, I. Al-Anbagi, and H. J. Hamilton, “TABI: Trust-Based ABAC Mechanism for Edge-IoT Using Blockchain Technology,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 36379–36398, 2023, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3265349.
  • S. S. Seshadri et al., “IoTCop: A Blockchain-Based Monitoring Framework for Detection and Isolation of Malicious Devices in Internet-of-Things Systems,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 3346–3359, Mar. 2021, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3022033.
  • B. Bera, S. Saha, A. K. Das, and A. V. Vasilakos, “Designing blockchain-based access control protocol in iot-enabled smart-grid system,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 5744–5761, Apr. 2021, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2020.3030308.
  • H. M. Buttar, W. Aman, M. M. U. Rahman, and Q. H. Abbasi, “Countering Active Attacks on RAFT-Based IoT Blockchain Networks,” IEEE Sens J, vol. 23, no. 13, pp. 14691–14699, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3274687.
  • X. Yang et al., “Blockchain-Based Secure and Lightweight Authentication for Internet of Things,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 3321–3332, Mar. 2022, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3098007.
  • G. Rathee, F. Ahmad, N. Jaglan, and C. Konstantinou, “A Secure and Trusted Mechanism for Industrial IoT Network Using Blockchain,” IEEE Trans Industr Inform, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 1894–1902, Feb. 2023, doi: 10.1109/TII.2022.3182121.
  • H. Liu, D. Han, and D. Li, “Fabric-iot: A Blockchain-Based Access Control System in IoT,” IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 18207–18218, 2020, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2968492.
  • J. Maeng, Y. Heo, and I. Joe, “Hyperledger Fabric-Based Lightweight Group Management (H-LGM) for IoT Devices,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 56401–56409, 2022, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2022.3177270.
  • E. A. Shammar, A. T. Zahary, and A. A. Al-Shargabi, “An Attribute-Based Access Control Model for Internet of Things Using Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain,” Wirel Commun Mob Comput, vol. 2022, 2022, doi: 10.1155/2022/6926408.
  • R. Kaur and A. Ali, “A Novel Blockchain Model for Securing IoT Based Data Transmission,” International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 1045–1055, Apr. 2021.
  • H. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Guo, H. Wang, D. Cui, and Q. Wen, “Secure and Efficiently Searchable IoT Communication Data Management Model: Using Blockchain as a New Tool,” IEEE Internet Things J, vol. 10, no. 14, pp. 11985–11999, Jul. 2023, doi: 10.1109/JIOT.2021.3121482.
  • Z. Gong-Guo and Z. Wan, “Blockchain-based IoT security authentication system,” Proceedings - 2021 International Conference on Computer, Blockchain and Financial Development, CBFD 2021, pp. 415–418, 2021, doi: 10.1109/CBFD52659.2021.00090.
  • D. Li, W. Peng, W. Deng, and F. Gai, “A blockchain-based authentication and security mechanism for IoT,” Proceedings - International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, ICCCN, vol. 2018-July, Oct. 2018, doi: 10.1109/ICCCN.2018.8487449.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Computer Software
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Selami Terazi 0009-0000-5375-5317

Arafat Şentürk 0000-0002-9005-3565

Early Pub Date March 27, 2025
Publication Date March 28, 2025
Submission Date December 25, 2024
Acceptance Date February 27, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Terazi, S., & Şentürk, A. (2025). Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, 8(1), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis...1607145
AMA Terazi S, Şentürk A. Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis. SAUCIS. March 2025;8(1):12-26. doi:10.35377/saucis.1607145
Chicago Terazi, Selami, and Arafat Şentürk. “Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 2025): 12-26. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1607145.
EndNote Terazi S, Şentürk A (March 1, 2025) Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8 1 12–26.
IEEE S. Terazi and A. Şentürk, “Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis”, SAUCIS, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 12–26, 2025, doi: 10.35377/saucis...1607145.
ISNAD Terazi, Selami - Şentürk, Arafat. “Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences 8/1 (March 2025), 12-26. https://doi.org/10.35377/saucis. 1607145.
JAMA Terazi S, Şentürk A. Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis. SAUCIS. 2025;8:12–26.
MLA Terazi, Selami and Arafat Şentürk. “Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis”. Sakarya University Journal of Computer and Information Sciences, vol. 8, no. 1, 2025, pp. 12-26, doi:10.35377/saucis. 1607145.
Vancouver Terazi S, Şentürk A. Blockchain-Based Iot Security and Performance Analysis. SAUCIS. 2025;8(1):12-26.
 Download Cover Image


INDEXING & ABSTRACTING & ARCHIVING


 31045 31044  31046 31047 

31043 28939 28938


29070    The papers in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License